Introdction

The Department of Botany was established in 1958 with the late Professor Dr. N.A. Qazilbash as the founder Chairman and the sole teacher to shoulder all the teaching responsibilities. The premier class of M.Sc. Botany consisted of six students who graduated in 1960. The M.Sc. syllabi were revised during 1972, 1976, 1982 and 1999 to bring it at par with the recent developments in the subject to meet the call of the time. Recently, 04 year integrated program has also been appeared. Research at M.Sc. level was introduced during 1972, Programme of Ph.D. was initiated during 1975. The present yearly in-take of M.Sc students is 50 in each morning & evening program. Every year, M.Phil/Ph.D. scholars are also admitted.. The graduates are absorbed in education, forest, agriculture, plant protection, PCSIR, ministry of environment and various NGO’s.

M.Sc (Previous)

Virology, Bacteriology and Physiology( Prof. Dr. Fazal Malik Sarim)
In this course, general features of viruses symptomology, physiology of viral and bacterial diseases are given. Algae occurrence, distribution, ecology, thallus structure, classification and reproduction are also given.

Mycology and Plant Pathology (Mrs. Tanvir Burni)
The course gives information about fungus body, cell structure reproduction, classification and economic importance of fungi.

Comparative Morphology of Archegoniates And Palynology (Miss Mussarat Jabeen)
The Archegoniates general characters, classification, distribution and ecology are major contents of this cours e along with the evolutionary lines in bryophyta and pteriodophyta.

Anatomy, Embryology and Taxonomy of Angiosperms (Prof. Dr. Abdur Rashid)
In this course, internal organizations, different tissue systems, classification and evolutionary theories about origin of flowering plants are discussed. Thirty important families are included in this course.

Plant Biochemistry(Mr. Naveed Akhtar)
Chemistry of corbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids enzymes, Alkaloids and vitamins constitute the main contents of this course.

Plant Ecology (Prof. Dr. Farrukh Hussain )
In this course, autecology portion consists of detailed information about soil, water, light, temperature, fire and wind factors. In synecology portion, ecological characteristics of populations and communities are given. Major vegetation types of Pakistan are also given.

M.Sc (Final)

Cell Biology and Biometry (Mr. Zahir Muhammad)
Cell ultra structure and functions of cell organelles are studied in this course. The biometry portion consists of introduction and scope of biometry. Frequency distribution and probabilities, measurement of central tendencies, dispersion, standard distribution and tests of significance are also included.

Plant Physiology (Mr. Naveed Akhtar)
Water relations, photosynthesis, respiration, plant mineral nutrition, translocation of food, plant growth substances photoperiodism, vernalization,, dormancy fruit and seed formation and plant movements are parts of this course.

Genetics (Mr. Zahir Muahmmad)
Concepts of genetics sex determination, linkage, crossing over, bacterial recombination viral, recombination and populations genetics like topics are studied in depth in this course.

Environmental Biology (Dr. Farrukh Hussain / Mr. Ghulam Dastagir)
This course includes study of various types of pollution and their prevention. Current environmental crises and solutions are also discussed.

Medicinal Plants & Economic Botany (Mr.Ghulam Dastagir)
This course includesmedicinal plants with synonyms, botanical origin, local names distribution, cultivation, microscopic characteristics, chemical constituents, uses and adulterants with special reference to species growing in Pakistan.

English (Part-I): Academic Literature
An Introduction to English grammar.6

Optional M.Sc (Final)

(Researh/Papers)
The Student will opt for any one of the approved special papers in lien of research. All those students who secure at least 55% marks in M.Sc Previous may opt for research.